In 1988, the Japanese American reparations bill becomes law as the Civil Rights Redress Act of 1988. This lays the framework for $1.2 billion ($20,000 each) paid to Japanese Americans and a Letter of Apology as Federal redress.

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August 9, 2018

August 8, 1945. The Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal defines crimes against humanity as: “Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.”

March 23, 2019

More than 700 claims have been filed under an agreement between U.S. and France in which French officials have agreed to pay out $60 million for the deportations carried out by SNCF, the France’s railway system. In exchange, the U.S. government agreed to ask courts to dismiss any lawsuits against SNCF or the French government (“U.S. Begins Paying Out Reparations from France to Holocaust Survivors and Their Heirs” by Katherine Shaver, Washington Post, September 15, 2016).

August 10, 2018

In November 1995, Queen Elizabeth presides at signing of the Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Bill, making reparations for the seizure of Maori land by British colonists in 1863.