The Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. responds to the Black Manifesto, not using the term reparations, by giving funds to the Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization (IFCO) for support of program possibilities, including those which develop as a result of the National Black Economic Development Conference (NBEDC).

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June 28, 2018

In 1890, Nebraska Democrat Walter Vaughan, son of Alabama slaveholders, convinces his Congressmember, Republican William J. Connell, to introduce the ex-slave pension bill in 1890. Frederick Douglass was one of few supporters, and it was defeated.

March 23, 2019

$105 million: Sioux of South Dakota for seizure of their land (United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, 448 U.S. 371 (1980)).

September 7, 2018

At Union Theological Seminary, students shut down an administrative wing until allowed to speak to the board of directors in support of the Black Manifesto. On May 15, 1969, the board resolves to invest $500,000 of endowment monies in Black enterprises in neighboring Harlem, to try to raise $1 million to finance the Seminary’s involvement in community projects, and to ask each board member to contribute to a special fund.